HealthyPlan.City combines built environment datasets from different sources with demographic data from the Canadian Census to present a picture of environmental equity in urban areas for 129 cities across Canada. The data used in this tool covers municipalities in Canada with a population of over 30,000 individuals. Urban boundaries are established by Statistics Canada and are based on Census Subdivisions, which provide the administrative boundaries of all municipalities across Canada. Data is mapped for areas with a population density of 400 people per square kilometer or more. The geographic area covered by the HealthyPlan.City tool is home to 24,618,003 people. A full list of communities included in this tool is provided at the end of this page.
Demographic data for vulnerable populations included in HealthyPlan.City come from the 2021 Census of Canada and were obtained for dissemination areas. A dissemination area is a small area composed of one or more neighbouring dissemination blocks. Dissemination blocks are bounded on all sides by roads and/or natural or manmade boundaries. Dissemination blocks typically represent a street block in urban areas, but can be larger in suburban areas. Dissemination blocks are the smallest areas for which population counts are reported in Canada.
We downscaled the dissemination area data by assigning the percentage of each vulnerable population group to all the dissemination blocks within each dissemination area. The dissemination block data come with total population, which allows us to calculate the absolute number and percentage of people in each vulnerable population group that live in each dissemination block.
The following vulnerable populations are included in the HealthyPlan.City tool:
Built environment data included in HealthyPlan.City are derived from a number of sources including satellite imagery, Open Street Map, and other geospatial databases. These datasets are presented under four data themes:
The Urban Climate data theme includes three data layers:
The Community Amenities data theme includes four data layers:
The Parks and Recreation data theme includes three data layers:
The Air and Noise Pollution data theme includes two data layers:
To identify locations where environmental inequity exists, the percentages of vulnerable populations and the values for the built environment indicators for all dissemination blocks within a city were ranked from 1 to 10, with 1 being the lowest 10% of the values (i.e. low percentage of vulnerable population group or the lowest levels of beneficial environment), and 10 being the highest 10% of the values (i.e. highest percentage of vulnerable population group or the highest levels of beneficial environment).
Equity Priority is identified by combining the vulnerable population ranks > 5 (higher percentages of vulnerable populations) and the built environment ranks < 6 (lower levels of beneficial environments), as shown in the Equity Priority matrix below. In these locations, vulnerable demographic groups make up a greater proportion of the population, but experience fewer benefits or more risk from the built environment relative to the city-wide median. Darker shades of red are used to show higher equity priorities.
The Equity by the Numbers window provides additional information on environmental inequity in Canadian cities.
This window shows the percentage and number of vulnerable population individuals in the selected city that live in less beneficial built environment areas. This is obtained by dividing the number of vulnerable population individuals that live in less beneficial built environment areas (ranked < 6 for a built environment indicator; see “Equity Priority” section above) by the total number of vulnerable population individuals in the entire city.
This window also ranks the selected city amongst similar-sized cities in terms of equitable distribution of built environment indicators. The most equitable cities are those with the lowest percentage of vulnerable populations living in less beneficial environment areas. To compare similar-sized cities, all cities included in HealthyPlan.City are divided into five groups based on population size: Group 1 are cities with populations of 30,000 to 50,000 individuals; Group 2 are cities with populations of 50,000 to 100,000 individuals; Group 3 are cities with populations of 100,000 to 200,000 individuals; Group 4 are cities with populations of 200,000 to 500,000 individuals; and Group 5 are cities with populations of over 500,000 individuals. Cities within each of these groups are ranked against each other in the histogram. A list of cities in each group is included at the end of this page.
The Distribution window plots the built environment and vulnerable population indicators for each dissemination block in a city. Each dot in the scatter plot represents a dissemination block and shows its built environment and proportion of vulnerable population values on the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. When a user clicks on a location on the map, a point on the scatter plot representing this location is highlighted.
Toggling the Neighbourhoods function On outlines boundaries for neighbourhoods within cities. Neighbourhood boundaries are obtained from open data portals or from municipal staff and are available for some but not all cities included in the HealthyPlan.City tool. The boundaries defining neighbourhoods are based on publicly available data and are therefore not standardized; they include urban planning districts used for official community plans, electoral wards, and locally-defined neighbourhoods.
The Equity by the Numbers and Distribution functions are adapted when the Neighbourhood option is selected. For Equity by the numbers, the city-wide proportion of vulnerable population individuals in low beneficial built environments that live in a given neighbourhood is shown. This is calculated by dividing the number of vulnerable population individuals in low beneficial environments (individuals living in areas where vulnerable population ranks > 5 and built environment ranks <6; see Equity priority section) within a neighbourhood zone by the total number of vulnerable population individuals in low beneficial environments in a city. Neighbourhoods within a selected city are ranked against each other. For Distribution, the values of built environment indicators and the proportion of vulnerable population individuals are aggregated for all dissemination blocks within each neighbourhood zone. Each dot in the scatter plot represents a neighbourhood zone, allowing easy comparison across neighbourhoods in a given city.
Note that some neighbourhood zones are only partially covered by the urban boundary of a given city. In these cases, only dissemination blocks falling within the neighbourhood zones are considered in the calculations mentioned above.